How strength is measured
This uses zxcvbn, which looks for dictionary words, names, keyboard patterns (qwerty), dates and common substitutions (p@ssw0rd), not just character rules. That's why "Password@123" scores badly despite having symbols.
Private breach check
The password is hashed on your device with SHA-1, and only the first 5 characters of that hash are sent to Have I Been Pwned. The service returns every leaked hash with that prefix, and the match is checked on your device. Your password never leaves it.