How US federal tax on your paycheck works
Your taxable income is your pay minus pre-tax deductions (like a 401(k)) and the standard deduction (or your itemized deductions). It's taxed in brackets, then credits such as the Child Tax Credit come off the tax. Separately, FICA takes 6.2% for Social Security on wages up to $184,500 and 1.45% for Medicare on all wages, plus 0.9% on wages over $200,000 ($250,000 for joint returns).
State income tax comes on top. Most states start from your federal adjusted gross income, take off their own standard deduction or personal exemptions and apply their own rates: flat in states like Illinois (4.95%) and Pennsylvania (3.07%), in brackets in states like California and New York. Nine states don't tax wages at all.
| Rate | Single | Married filing jointly | Head of household |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10% | $0+ | $0+ | $0+ |
| 12% | $12,400+ | $24,800+ | $17,700+ |
| 22% | $50,400+ | $100,800+ | $67,450+ |
| 24% | $105,700+ | $211,400+ | $105,700+ |
| 32% | $201,775+ | $403,550+ | $201,750+ |
| 35% | $256,225+ | $512,450+ | $256,200+ |
| 37% | $640,600+ | $768,700+ | $640,600+ |
Married filing separately uses the single brackets up to 35%, with 37% from $384,350.
Worked example: $60,000, single
Taxable income is $60,000 β $16,100 = $43,900. Tax is 10% of the first $12,400 ($1,240) plus 12% of the remaining $31,500 ($3,780): $5,020. Social Security is $3,720 and Medicare $870. Take-home pay is $50,390 a year, about $4,199 a month, before state tax. Each extra dollar earned costs 19.65% in federal tax and FICA.
Ways to lower your federal tax
- Contribute to a 401(k) or 403(b): every dollar lowers taxable income (but not FICA). The 2026 limit is $24,500, plus catch-up amounts from age 50.
- Pay health insurance, an HSA or an FSA through payroll: these also lower FICA.
- Itemize if your mortgage interest, state and local taxes and donations add up to more than the standard deduction.
State paycheck calculators
Each state page shows that state's 2026 brackets, deductions and worked examples, with the calculator set to the state.
- Alabama
- Alaska
- Arizona
- Arkansas
- California
- Colorado
- Connecticut
- Delaware
- District of Columbia
- Florida
- Georgia
- Hawaii
- Idaho
- Illinois
- Indiana
- Iowa
- Kansas
- Kentucky
- Louisiana
- Maine
- Maryland
- Massachusetts
- Michigan
- Minnesota
- Mississippi
- Missouri
- Montana
- Nebraska
- Nevada
- New Hampshire
- New Jersey
- New Mexico
- New York
- North Carolina
- North Dakota
- Ohio
- Oklahoma
- Oregon
- Pennsylvania
- Rhode Island
- South Carolina
- South Dakota
- Tennessee
- Texas
- Utah
- Vermont
- Virginia
- Washington
- West Virginia
- Wisconsin
- Wyoming
Working abroad? Compare with the UK or Canada tax calculators, or convert an offer with the currency converter.
Figures checked on 1 October 2026 against IRS 2026 inflation adjustments (Rev. Proc. 2025-32), the IRS senior deduction guidance and SSA's 2026 wage base. State rules and their sources are on each state's page. An estimate, not tax advice.